Assalamualaikum w.b.t
Buat sahabat2 yang study Forensic Medicine & Toxicology sekarang ni, ni saya ade siapkan table untuk bone identification. Usually bone identification ni kita study samada grossly means via bones or kita study radiologically via x- rays films. Saya ringkaskan daripada buku Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by Krishnan Vij. Buku ni salunya di gunakan oleh student2 yg pakai syllabus India eg: Banglore IMS, Shah Alam IMS and Manipal.
Semoga sama2 mendapat manfaat InsyaAllah :)
UPPER LIMB
| STRUCTURE | APPEARANCE | FUSION |
| Acromion | 14-15 | 17-18 |
| Clavicle Coracoid | 15-16 10-11 | 20-22 15-16 |
| Humerus:
|
5-6 1 3-4
|
18-19 |
| Capitulum | 1 |
14-16 |
| H Median Epicondyle | 5-6 | |
| Trochlea | 9-11 | |
| H Lateral epicondyle | 11-12 | |
| Trochlea +LE+Capitulum+ shaft |
| 16-17 |
| Olecranon | 4-5 | 14-16 |
| Styloid of ulna | 5-6 | 17-18 |
| Head of radius | 4-5 | 14-16 |
| Styloid of radius | 2 | 18-19 |
| Scaphoid+ Trapezium+Trapezoid |
5-6
|
|
| Pissiform | 10-12 |
|
| Lunate | 3-4 |
|
| Triquetral | 2-3 |
|
| Hammate | 3m IUL |
|
| Capitate | 2m IUL |
|
| Base 1st metacarp | 2-3 | 15-17 |
| Head of 2nd + 5th metacarp | 1.5-2.5 | 16-18 |
Image taken from abdn.ac.uk
AGE DETERMINATION
LOWER LIMB
FEMUR+ FIBULA+ TIBIA
| STRUCTURE | APPEARANCE | FUSION |
| Head of femur | 6m-1 |
17-18 |
| Greater trochanter | 4 | |
| Lesser trochanter | 12-14 | |
| Intracondylar ridge/lower end of femur | 9 IUL | 18-20 |
| Head of tibia | Birth | 18-19 |
| Medial melleoulus tibia | 1 | 16-17 |
| Head of fibula | 4 | 18-19 |
| Lateral malleolus of fibula | 1 | 16-17 |
| Head of Femur+ lesser & greater trochanter |
| 17-18 |
| Fusion of upper shaft |
| 17-18 |
| Lower end fusion |
| 18-19 |
HIP BONE
| STRUCTURE | APPEARANCE | FUSION |
| Iliac crest | 14 | 18-20 |
| Ischial tuberosity | 15-17 | 19-21 |
| Pubis | 14 | 20 |
| Ishiopubic ramus |
| 6 |
| Triradiate cartilage |
| 13-15 |
AGE DETERMINATION
SKULL
| STRUCTURE | FUSION |
| Metopic suture | 2-8 |
| Saggital suture:
|
30-40 40-50 50 |
| Coronal suture:
|
40-50 50-60 |
| Temporal suture | 80 |
| Occipital suture:
|
50-60 60-70 |
MANDIBLE
| STRUCTURE | POSITION |
| Mental foramen position |
|
| 3rd molar | >17 |
| Condylar coronoid |
|
P/S: m= month, IUL= intrauterine life
Rujukan: Forensic Medicine & Toxicology by Krishnan Vij
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